Italy’s port city of Brindisi, tucked along the Adriatic coast in the Puglia region, has been a gateway to the East for over two thousand years. Once the Roman Empire’s main departure point for the Via Appia, the road to Greece and beyond, Brindisi still bears traces of its ancient past, from Roman columns to remnants of old harbors that once welcomed traders, pilgrims, and soldiers.

Caminha sits at Portugal’s northern edge, where the Minho River meets the Atlantic and marks the border with Spain. Its history is closely tied to defense and trade, visible in remnants of medieval walls and a compact historic center that once guarded the river mouth.

Nogales is a border city in Santa Cruz County in southern Arizona, directly adjoining Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Its setting in the Santa Cruz River Valley gives the city a distinctive landscape of rolling hills, desert vegetation, and mountain ranges. As one of the principal border crossings between Arizona and Mexico, Nogales has long served as a center for trade, transportation, and cross-border commerce.

Unawatuna lies along Sri Lanka’s southern coast, shaped by maritime trade, colonial encounters, and a long relationship with the sea. Once a small fishing village, it developed near historic Galle and reflects layers of Portuguese, Dutch, and British influence that passed through the region.

The commercial and cultural center for the Ruhr region on the Rhine River, Duseldorff is also the site of the Felderhof Cave where Neanderthal man was found in 1856.

Most commonly reached via travel from Cusco, Ollantaytambo is an Incan archaeological site in the Sacred Valley of southern Peru. The town dates from the late 15th century and is home to some of the oldest continuously-occupied dwellings in South America.