Middle East | Turkey | Trabzon
Trabzon was founded in the 7th century B.C. by Milletain colonists. On entering the city, on a green hill descending to the sea, is a well-preserved 13th century Byzantine church, now the Avasofya Museum. The walls of this church are decorated with frescoes, some of the finest examples of Byzantine craftmanship. The higher part of the city, the old quarter, inside the still extant fortifications with its timber houses, should be visited.
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Istanbul is a city built on layers of empire. Spanning two continents, it was once the capital of three major empires: Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman. Visitors walking through the Sultanahmet district can witness this timeline firsthand, from the Roman-era Hippodrome to the Byzantine mosaics of Hagia Sophia, and the towering minarets of the Blue Mosque. At nearby Topkapi Palace, rooms still display the jeweled swords, ceremonial robes, and handwritten Qurans once used by Ottoman sultans.
Kuşadası is a seaside city on Türkiye’s Aegean coast, set around a broad bay with beaches, a marina, and a busy harbor. Its location places it close to several major archaeological sites, including Ephesus, making it an important base for exploring the cultural landscape of western Anatolia. The city itself combines waterfront districts with the narrow streets of Kaleiçi, where shops, cafés, and restaurants occupy traditional buildings.
